Editing Vowel Shifts - interchangeable e i

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[[Category:SofyaWiki]]
[[Category:SofyaWiki]]
= '''Interchangeable e/i''': =
There are frequent i/e switches in medieval Russian particularly in unstressed syllables.
Examples: Belyi (1301)/Bilyi (1649) (s.n. Beloi), Dedlelets/Dedilets (both 1175) (s.n. Dedelets), Onikei (1448)/Onekei (3rd ed.)/Onikii (c1452) (from Anikei), Ogrufena (15th c.)/Ogrufina (1445) (from Agripina)
'''Beg''' (m) -- "plea."
** Beg. 1437. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 31]
* Vars: Pih. 1276. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 31]
'''Began''' (m) -- Began. 1115. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 31]
* Vars: Begen. 1242. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 31]
** Pihan. 1278. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 31]
'''Bela''' (m) -- "white."
** Bela. 1101. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
* Pat Vars: Belich. 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
** Bilich. 1422. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
** Bjelich. 1391. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
'''Belka''' (m) -- "squirrel."
** Ivashko Belka, peasant of the Molviatsk parish. 1495. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 76]
* Vars: Belco. 1279. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
** Belko (Oleshko Belko, peasant of the Borpvitsk parish). 1495. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 76]
** Bel'ko (Bel'ko Debritskii, Mozyr' gunner). 1552. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 76]
** Bilko (Bilko Bogdanovich, Mozyr' peasant). 1552. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 76]
'''Beloi''' (m) -- "white."
** Vasilei Patrakeev Beloi. 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 313]
* Vars: Beli. 1470. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 32]
** Belyi (Ivan Belyi, ambassador from Liubek). 1301. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 63]
** Bilyi (Semen Bilyi, Glukhovsk city ataman). 1649. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 77]
'''Bin'chula''' (m) -- Bin'chula. 1254. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 12]
* Vars: Ben'choula. 1198. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 11]
** Ben'chula. 1332. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 11]
* Pat Vars: Benchulik (Andrei Benchulik). 1399. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 10]
** Benochulich (Dubrota Benochulich). 1420. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 80]
** Ben'chulik (Pus'k' Ben'chulik). 1100. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 160]
** Binchulik (Mar'tolo Binchulik). 1442. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 120]
** Bin'chulik (Andrei Bin'chulik). 1390. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 12]
'''Chekhoslav''' (m) -- "Czech glory."
** Chekhoslav. 1305. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
* Vars: Cechoslaus. 1305. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Cichoslav. 1305. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Zechoslav. 1305. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
'''Cheslav''' (m) -- Cheslav. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
* Vars: Ceslaus. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Cessezlaus. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Czeslaus. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Sisla. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
** Zeslaus. 1310. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 206]
'''Dedlelets''' (m) -- "grandfather." Dedlelets, boiar. 1175. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 141]
* Vars: Dedilets (boiar). 1175. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 141]
'''Derzhak''' (m) -- "to hold."
* Vars: Dersko. 1250. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]Dirzek. 1220. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
* Drischo. 1244. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
'''Derzhata''' (m) -- "to hold."
* Vars: Dirsota. 1197. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
'''Derzhek''' (m) -- "to hold."
* Derzhek. 1183. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
* Vars: Dirsco. 1238. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
* Drizek. 1238. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
'''Derzhislav''' (m) -- "to maintain glory."
** Derzhislav Abramovich. 1221. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 127]
* Vars: Derslau. 1391. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Derslaus. 1418. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirisizlav. 1062. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirsislaus. 1181. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirsizlaus. 1174. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirslaus. 1418. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirzcliz. 1189. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirzislau. 1167. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dirzliz. 1221. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
** Dizizlaus. 1237. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 70]
** Drisizlaus. 1160. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 69]
'''Detana''' (f) -- Detana. 1402. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 81]
* Vars: Dikana. 1402. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 81]
** Dechana. 1402. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 81]
'''Dmitrii''' (m) -- Great Prince Dmitrii. 1262. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 9]
* Dims: Dmitro (Dmitro Hassan, lord's peasant). 1565. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 103]
** Dmitrok (falconer). 1328-41. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 142]
* Vars: Dimiter (Dimiter Wassilievitze, Novgorod governor). 1448. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 120]
** Dimitrei (Dimitrei Mikhailovich Pozharskoi, governor). 1612. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 225]
** Dimitrii (Dimitrii syn Marfin, Novgorod boiar). 1471. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 24]
** Dmitre (Dmitre Grigor'evich'). Second Half of 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 251]
** Dmitri (Dmitri Vasil'evich', Novgorod captain). 1415-21. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 147]
* Pat Vars: Demetevich ([A]rtemii Demetevich). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 264]
** Dimitrewitz (Wasilei Dimitrewitz). 1421. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 99]
** Dmetrievich (Iakov Dmetrievich, Novgorod ambassador). 1421. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 99]
** Dmitreiavich (Ivan Dmitreiavich Pleshcheev, Nizhegorod governor). 1627. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 990]
** Dmitrevich (Bulat Dmitrevich Telitsin, Vilevsk landowner). c1610. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 68]
'''Emelian''' (m) -- "flattering."Emelian. Lived in the 9th century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 18]
*
* Vars: Emel'ian (Emel'ian Ostaf'ev syn, scribe). 1515. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 3]
** Emilian. 1356. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 4]
** Emiliian. 13-14th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 52]
'''Epistima''' (f) -- "knowledge." Epistima, martyr. Died in 3rd Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 622-3]
* Vars: Epestemiia (Epestemiia Okinfieva doch', nicknamed Milava, daughter of peasant in Prilutskii monastery). 1612. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 462]
** Epistem'ia. 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 12]
** Epistim'ia (mother of the governor Ivan Lukinich). Before 1471. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 177]
'''Eremei''' (m) -- "Hermes." Eremei Krivtsev. 1315-22. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 280]
* Dims: Eremeiko (Eremeiko Fedorov syn, sexton). 1568. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 83]
** Eremia (Eremia Mogila). 1598. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 253]
* Vars: Eremii (Eremii Ondriev syn Obros'ev). 1611. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XII 156]
'''Evgeniia''' (f) -- "noble." Fem of Evgenii. Evgeniia, saint-martyr. 13th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] II 63-4; #62]
* Vars: Evgin'ia (Lithuanian princess). Before 1387. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Zap Zap] 608]
'''Evsignii''' (m) -- "good sign." Evsignii, martyr. Died in 362. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 430]
* Vars: Evsegnii (martyr). 13-14th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 55]
** Evsignei (Menshik Savel'ev syn, nicknamed Evsignei). 1618. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 248]
'''Evsigniia''' (f) -- "good sign." Fem of Evsignii.
* Vars: Evsegniia (of Suzdal). 1202. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lav Lav] 417]
'''Feliks''' (m) -- "happy."
** Feliks, martyr. Died c164. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 63]
* Vars: Felyce (Novgorod governor-general). 1338. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 71]
** Filiks. First Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 20; #414]
'''Feoktist''' (m) -- "sent by God."
** Feoktist, father superior of the Kirillov monastery. 1559. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 40]
* Vars: Feklist (Novgorod archbishop). 1316. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 65]
** Fektist (Novgorod archbishop). 1316. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 23]
** Feoklist. 1356. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 22]
* Pat Vars: Fiklistov (Mosei Fiklistov). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 311]
'''Fetin'ia''' (f) -- Fetin'ia, boiaress. Before 1553. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Kaz Kaz] 486]
* Vars: Feten'ia. 1456-71. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 173]
** Fetiniia. 14th-15th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] II 30; #28]
'''Grigorii''' (m) -- "to be awake." Russianization of Gregory. Grigorii Semenovich, boiar. 1375. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 285]
*
* Vars: Gregorie (Gregorie Jacowitz Kretewe). 1503. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 332]
** Gregorii. Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] V 101; #275]
** Grigorei (Grigorei Zakhar'inich', Novgorod ambassador). 1431. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 105]
* Pat Vars: Chriskowicz [from Chrisko] (Kunas Chriskowicz, craftsman). 1565. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 216]
** Gregor'ev [from Gregorii] (Mikifor Grego[r']ev). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 309]
** Grigorevoi (Grigorevoe Nepitushchee). Recorded in 1545. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 274]
** Grigoriev (Stepan Grigoriev, Novgorodite). 1456. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 43]
** Grigor'evich' (Kiprian Grigor'evich'). 1435. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 171]
'''Ioann''' (m) -- The Russianization of John (God is gracious) and one of the most common given names. Both the older form (Ioann) and the newer (Ivan) are common in period. Ioann, son of Ivan the Terrible. 1558. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XII 129]
* Dims: Evanets. Second Half of 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 254]
** Ivanets (Ivanets Ontsyforov syn Leonov, scribe). 1595. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 149]
* Vars: Evan. 13th-14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VI 94; #391]
** Ivan (Ivan Fomin syn, governor). 1181-2. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 284]
* Pat Vars: Evanov [from Evan] (Mikita Istovno Evanov). Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] V 104; #278]
** Evanovich' [from Evan] (Iakim Evanovich'). Middle of 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 237]
** Ivanov [from Ivan] (Prokhna Ivanov syn). Before 1147. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 159]
** Ivanovich [from Ivan] (Mikhail Ivanovich, lord). 1386. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 6]
* Pat Vars (f): Evanova (Evanova zhena). Second Half of 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 254]
'''Iustin''' (m) -- Russianiztion of Justin ("justice"). Iustin, martyr. 13-14th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 45]
* Vars: Usten (Usten Semenov syn). Second Half of 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 252]
** Ustin. 13-14th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 45]
'''Iustina''' (f) -- "justice." Fem of Iustin. Iustina, martyr. c300. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 559]
* Vars: Usten'ia (wife of captain Vasilii). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 311]
** Ustiniia (wife of Osip). 1466-7. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 176]
** Ustin'ia (wife of captain Vasilii). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 311]
'''Khotebor''' (m) -- "wish/overcome." All Moravian. Khotebor. 1196. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 201]
* Vars: Chotebor. 1196. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 201]
** Chotibor. 1196. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 201]
** Chotiebor. 1196. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 201]
'''Kildeman''' (m) -- Kildeman. 1596. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 53]
* Vars: Keldeman. 1603. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 77]
'''Kseniia''' (f) -- "hospitable."
** Kseniia, wife of Prince Vsevolodovich. 1279. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Ste Ste] 307]
* Vars: Aksiniia. 1356. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 25]
** Ks'n'ia. 13th-14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 16; #411]
** Okseniia. 1356. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 25]
** Oksen'ia (Oksen'ia Grishina doch'). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 260]
** Oksin'ia (daughter of Prince Georgii). 1285. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lav Lav] 483]
'''Ksenofont''' (m) -- "speaking foreign languages."
** Ksenofont, saint. 5th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 64-5]
* Vars: Ksenifont (Ksenifont Ivanov syn). 1602. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 161]
** Sinofont. 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VI 66; #368]
* Pats: Ksenofontov (Bogdan Ksenofontov, clerk of Tsar Ivan IV). 1576. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 52]
* Pat Vars: Sinofontov (Fedor Sinofontov). Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] V 91; #264]
'''Kuz'ma''' (m) -- Kuz'ma, falconer. 1328-41. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 142]
* Dims: Kuzemka (Kuzemka Bobyl', peasant of the Polonovsk parish). 1495. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 50]
** Kuzemko (Kuzemko Filin, serf). 1491. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 412]
** Kuzimka (Kuzimka Samoilov, clerk of Nikol'skii square in Dvorishcha). 1419-20. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 288]
'''Kveton''' (m) -- Kveton. 1130. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 99]
* Vars: Kveten. 1088. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 99]
** Kvetin. 1088. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 99]
'''Lovek''' (m) -- "hunter." (Bohemian and Moravian) Lovek. 1031. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 112]
* Vars: Lovich. 1107. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 112]
'''Markell''' (m) -- "hammer." Markell, saint. Died in 485. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 719-20]
* Vars: Markel (elder). 1585-6. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 310]
** Markil (monk). 1613. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 861]
'''Matfei''' (m) -- "gift of God." Russianization of Matthew. Matfei Falaleevich, Novgorod captain. 1371. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 28]
* Vars: Matfe (Novgorodite). 1409. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 87]
** Matfi (Matfi Ivanovich). Before 1459. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 295]
* Pat Vars: Matfeevich' (Arsenii Matfeevich'). c1456. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 294]
** Matfeikov [from Matfeiko] (Ondreiko Sochevitsa Matfeikov). 1500. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 370]
** Matfiev [from Matfii] (Ivan Matfiev syn Osetr). 1602. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 524]
** Mat'feevich' [from Mat'fei] (Stepan Mat'feevich'). 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 270]
'''Miliuk''' (m) -- "nice." Mikifor Sidorov syn Miliuk, servant. 1542. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 251]
* Pats: Miliukov (Ivan Ivanovich Miliukov, Tiumen' governor). 1623-8. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 475]
* Pat Vars: Meliukov [from Meliuk] (Ivan Vasil'evich Meliukov, Dvina governor). 1598. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 151]
'''Milka''' (m) -- "dear." Milka. 1088. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 123] (Serbian, Pomeranian, Moravian, ?)
* Vars: Mel'ko. 1198. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 125]
** Mil'ko. 1232. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 125]
'''Milosh''' (m) -- Milosh. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 124]
* Vars: Melocs. 1389. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 124]
'''Moisei''' (m) -- Russianiation of Moses. Moisei. 12th-13th Centuries. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 37; #430]
* Vars: Moisii (Moisii Domazhinich). 1175. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 75]
** Mosei (Mosei Matveevich). 1456-71. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 173]
** Mosii. Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 140; #539]
* Pats: Moiseev (Emel'ian Moiseev, lieutenant). 1621. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 348]
* Pat Vars: Moiseevich' (Dementii Moiseevich'). 1465-6. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 302]
** Moseev. Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 140; #539]
** Mosiev [from Mosii] (Zyk Mosiev syn Korobeinikov, peasant). 1587. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 164]
'''Mstidrug''' (m) -- Mstidrug. 1220. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
* Vars: Meztidrug. 1220. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** Miztidru. 1220. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
'''Mstislav''' (m) -- "glorious avenger." Great Prince Mstislav Volodimir' syn. 1130. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 140]
* Dims: Mstislavets (Petr Mstislavets). 1563. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** M'stisha. 945. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
* Vars: Mistislav. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** Mitizlaus. 1271. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** Mstislaus. 1274. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** M'stislav. 1069. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 259]
'''Mstivoi''' (m) -- Mstivoi. 1239. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 130-1]
* Vars: Mistevoi. 1253. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
** Mstiui. 1234. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 127]
** Mstiviy. 1245. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 131]
'''Nachevoi''' (m) -- "starting." Nachevoi. 1071. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 134] (Bohemian)
* Vars: Nacevoj. 1071. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 134]
** Nazivog. 1071. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 134]
'''Nachimir''' (m) -- "start of peace." Nachimir. 1228. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 135] (Pomeranian, ?, Moravian)
* Vars: Nachemir. 1228. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 135]
'''Nemir''' (m) -- "restless." Nemir. 1412. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 273]
* Dims: Nemira (Nemira Rezanovich', landowner). Recorded in 1450. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 273]
** Nemiria (Nemiria Bogdanovich'). Recorded in 1513. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 273]
** Nimiria (Nimiria Fomin syn Koskina, lieutenant). 1507. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Tup Tup] 273]
'''Nikifor''' (m) -- "victorious." Nikifor Matfeev syn Esipov. 1528. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XII 1]
* Dims: Mekeforko (peasant). Second Half of 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] V 148; #314]
** Mikiforko (Pskov smith). 1480. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 325]
** Nekef. 14th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Art Art] VII 96; #501]
'''Patrikei''' (m) -- "patrician." Patrikei Nasonov, scribe. 1597. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 1101]
* Vars: Patrakei (Patrakei Dmit'rievich). Mid 15th Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Gra Gra] 220]
** Patrakii (Patrakii Ustinov, warden). 1615. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 836]
** Patrekei (Patrekei Ondreev syn). 1530. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 24]
** Patrikii (saint). 1356. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Lev Lev] 17]
'''Pina''' (m) -- "kick." Pina. 970. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 151]
* Vars: Pena. 970. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 151]
** Piena. 970. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 151]
'''Plen'<nowiki/>''' (m) -- "captive." Plen'. 1222. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 152] (South Slav, Serbian)
* Vars: Plin'. 1222. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 152]
'''Pois''' (m) -- Pois. 1246. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 153]
* Vars: Poes. 1246. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 153]
'''Porfirii''' (m) -- "purple." Porfirii, martyr. 2nd Century. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Buk Buk] 93]
* Vars: Perferei (Perferei Stefanov syn, lieutenant). 1572. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 89]
** Perfirei (deacon of the Nizhegorod Pechersk monastery). 1602. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] II 975]
'''Potapii''' (m) -- Potapii, priest. 1588. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 127]
* Vars: Potapei (Potapei Pavlov syn). 1517-8. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#RIB RIB] XIV 5]
'''Slavibor''' (m) -- "glory/overcome." (Bohemian, Pomeranian, Polish, Moravian)
** Slavibor. 1145. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 179]
* Vars: Slavebor. 1168. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 179]
** Zlavebor. 1165. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 179]
** Zlavibor. 1180. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 179]
'''Tem''' (m) -- "theme." (Bohemian)
** Tem. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
* Vars: Tema. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
** Thema. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
** Thima. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
** Tim. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
** Tima. 1052. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 192]
'''Vechen''' (m) -- "elderly." (Bohemian, Moravian)
** Vechen. 1053. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 54]
* Vars: Vichen. 1238. [[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/paul/zpreface.html#Mor Mor] 54]
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