Lingual Mixes

Precedents on lingual mixes:

Compiled Name Precedents, Polylingual - http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/Polylingual.html

Weirdness Table = http://sb.heraldry.sca.org/laurel/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/weirdness_table.html

Old Precedents of 12/2011

Russian	English	weirdness	Ladislaus de Brody, 07/00	01/2002
	French	weirdness	Jarucha Ekaterina Delamare, 04/01	01/2002
	Gaelic	not registerable	Akilina O'Cinndeargain, 10/92	01/2002
	German	weirdness	Tatiana Heinemann, 08/01	01/2002
	(Low Countries)	not registerable	Direk Ivanovich, 08/95	01/2002
	Norse (Old Norse)	weirdness	Gorm Bolin, 10/02	02/2003
	Romanian	weirdness	Vladimir Musat, 03/03	06/2003
	Scots	not registerable	Nastasiia MacNeill, 09/00	01/2002

Regional Naming Groups in Appendix C of SENA:

Regional Groups	Time Period	Languages included:	Can be combined with groups:
Russian/East Slavic	550-1100	Russian, Ukrainian, etc.	Baltic North Slavic South Slavic
	1100-1600	Russian, Ukrainian, etc.	Baltic North Slavic South Slavic

English - currently only late period English is registerable (with a weirdness aka SFPP), O.E. and M.E. are unregisterable as of yet French - April 2001 LoAR - Jaurcha Ekaterina Delamare

Elsbeth Anne Roth

2001.04

While combining Russian with French is registerable, it is a weirdness. The use of double given names in Russian was also ruled a weirdness by Jaelle of Armida in June 1997. The name is, therefore, not registerable as it is. [Jarucha Ekaterina Delamare, 04/01, R-Caid] - note that it is double Christian names that was ruled a weirdness - see Name Issues.

German - August 2001 LoAR - Tatiana Heinemann

François la Flamme

2001.08

... the combination of a Russian given name and a German byname is not documented... although it is registerable. [Tatiana Heinemann, 08/01, A-Trimaris]

Hungarian - not addressed in past precedent. Mongol - allowed combination of Regional Groups under SENA. Norse (Old Norse) - previously registerable as a Step From Period Practice (SFPP), status under SENA to be determined. Romanian - March 2003 LoAR - Valdimir Musat

François la Flamme

2003.03

The submitter requested authenticity for Romania and allowed minor changes. Vladimir was documented as Russian. While both Vlad and Vladislav were found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Names from the Royal Lines of Moldavia and Wallachia" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/romanian.html), the College was unable to find examples of Vladimir used in Romanian in period. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to change Vladimir to one of the Romanian forms found in Aryanhwy's article in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested culture. At this time, it seems reasonable to for a name using both Russian and Romanian elements to be registerable. However, no one has presented evidence to support sufficient contact between these two cultures to make such a mix registerable without a weirdness. Therefore, a name mixing Russian and Romanian is registerable, but carries a weirdness. [Vladimir Musat, 03/2003, A-Outlands]

Scots - September 2001 - Natasiia MacNeil, reaffirmed with Vaska McCormick April 2004

Elsbeth Anne Roth

2000.09

There was sufficient contact between England and Russia to allow mixed names under our rules. There was no such contact between Scotland and Russia, but we have seen documentation that MacNeill appears as a surname in England as well. Note, however, that mixed Scots / Russian names are not acceptable, barring new evidence. [Nastasiia MacNeill, 09/00, A-Caid]

Turkish - not addressed in current precedent Welsh - August 2008 LoAR (now Welsh combined with English in a Regional Naming Group)

François la Flamme

2001.08

... Russian and Welsh are not a registerable combination. [09/01, CL]

Discussion of Finnic and Scandinavian names in lists (911 & 944) of Rus ambassadors - http://www.allempires.net/finno-ugrian-impact-on-russian-ethnos_topic20088&OB=DESC_page5.html

907 Treaty

Names from the 907 treaty with Byzantium per modern Russian translation of the Primary Chronicle:

Олег же, немного отойдя от столицы, начал переговоры о мире с греческими царями Леоном и Александром и послал к ним в столицу Карла, Фарлафа, Вермуда, Рулава и Стемида со словами: "Платите мне дань".

Names from above (all in accusative case): Karla, Farlafa, Vermuda, Rulava, Stemida. In nominative case: Karl, Farlaf, Vermud, Rulav, Stemid.

All of the above names are also found in the 911 treaty, in the same order (with some extra people added in between)! Normalized Old West (!) Norse forms of above per Viking Answer Lady (VAL): Karl or Karli, Farulfr (why different from 911 version?), Vermundr (why different from 911?), Hrothleifr, Steinvithr. VAL info from: Ellis-Davidson, Hilda Roderick. The Viking Road to Byzantium. London: George Allen & Unwin. 1976. p. 90. .

911 Treaty

Names from the 911 treaty with Byzantium per modern Russian translation of the Primary Chronicle:

Мы от рода русского - Карлы, Инегелд, Фарлаф, Веремуд, Рулав, Гуды, Руалд, Карн, Фрелав, Руар, Актеву, Труан, Лидул, Фост, Стемид...

List of names from above: Karly, Inegeld, Farlaf (Farlo per VAL), Veremud, Rulav, Gudy (Goudy per VAL), Ruald (Rouad per VAL), Karn (Kari per VAL, but the Russian is clearly Карн, not Кари), Frelav, Ruar (Roal/Ruar in VAL), Aktevu, Truan, Lidul, Fost, Stemid. (Discrepencies between VAL and my version may be differences between Old Russian and modern Russian, for example the old Russian ou is now simply u. There are also multiple manuscripts of the Primary Chronicle.)

Normalized Old West (!) Norse forms of above per Viking Answer Lady (VAL): Karl (Karli?), Ingjaldr, Farleifr (different from 907), Vermothr (different from 907), Hrolleifr, Guthi, Hroaldr, Kari, Freleifr, Hroaldr, omitted Aktevu, omitted Truan, mitted Lidul, omitted Fost, omitted Stemid, added Hroerekr.

Her original order: Farlo/Farleifr, Frelav/Freleifr, Goudy/Guthi, Rouad/Hroaldr, Roal/Hroaldr aka Ruar/Hroarr, Rurik/Hroerekr, Rulav/Hrolleifr, Inegeld/Ingjaldr, Kari [sic]/Kari, Karly/Karl, Vermoud/Vermothr. VAL info from: Sigfús Blöndal. The Varangians of Byzantium. London: Cambridge. 1978. p. 36.

Standardized Norse of above per allempires.net discussion: Karl, Ingjald, Farulf/-leif?, Värmund, Hrolf, Gudi, Hroald, Kari? (mispelled и for н?), Fridleif, Hroald, Angantyr, Thrond, Lidulf, Fasti, ? (Stenvid maybe). Gudy and Aktevu of these are considered "Finnish" by majority of modern scholars - per allempires discussion.

944/945 Treaty

Introduction to the 944 treaty with Byzantium per modern Russian translation of the Primary Chronicle -

Мы - от рода русского послы и купцы, Ивор, посол Игоря, великого князя русского, и общие послы: Вуефаст от Святослава, сына Игоря; Искусеви от княгини Ольги; Слуды от Игоря, племянник Игорев; Улеб от Володислава; Каницар от Предславы; Шихберн Сфандр от жены Улеба; Прастен Тудоров; Либиар Фастов; Грим Сфирьков; Прастен Акун, племянник Игорев; Кары Тудков; Каршев Тудоров; Егри Евлисков; Воист Войков; Истр Аминодов; Прастен Бернов; Явтяг Гунарев; Шибрид Алдан; Кол Клеков; Стегги Етонов; Сфирка...; Алвад Гудов; Фудри Туадов; Мутур Утин; купцы Адунь, Адулб, Иггивлад, Улеб, Фрутан, Гомол, Куци, Емиг, Туробид, Фуростен, Бруны, Роальд, Гунастр, Фрастен, Игелд, Турберн, Моне, Руальд, Свень, Стир, Алдан, Тилен, Апубексарь, Вузлев, Синко, Борич, посланные от Игоря, великого князя русского, и от всякого княжья, и от всех людей Русской земли. ) See Laurentian Chronicle under 945 - http://litopys.org.ua/lavrlet/lavr03.htm Per Ipatevskii Text under 945 - http://litopys.org.ua/ipatlet/ipat03.htm

List of names from above: Vuefast from Sviatoslav, son of Igor; Iskusevi from kniaginia Ol'ga; Sludy from Igor, plemyannik of Igor; Uleb from Volodislav; Kanitsar from Predslava; Shikhbern Sfandr from wife of Uleb; Prasten Tudorov; Libiar Fastov; Grim Sfir'kov; Prasten Akun, plemyannik of Igor; Kary Tudkov; Karshev Tudorov; Egri Evliskov; Voist Voikov; Istr Aminodov; Prasten Bernov; Yavtyag Gunarev; Shibrid Aldan; Kol Klekov; Steggi Etonov; Sfirka ...; Alvad Gudov; Fundri Tuadov; Mutur Utin; merchants Adun, Adulb, Iggivlad, Uleb, Frutan, Gomol, Kutsi, Emig, Turobid, Furosten, Bruny, Roal'd, Gunastr, Frasten, Igeld, Turbern, Mone, Ruald, Sven', Aldan, Tilen, Apubeksar', Vuzlev, Sinko, Borich.

From Nordiskt runnamnslexikon (The Dictionary of Norse Runic Names), by Lena Peterson - Vithfastr & Vifastr & Vigfastr, Ingvar/Ikuar, Haelga/Elka, Sluta, Sigbiorn, Libbi & Lik(n)biorn, Fasti, Grimr, Hagni/Hagun-, Kari, Haeggi, Boi, Iostaeinn, Biorn, Gunn- & Gunna & Gunnar, Aldi, Kolla & Kolli & Kulli & Kulr, Klakki, Stigr & Styggr, Aeithorn & Aetta, Alver, Guthi, Finnr & Fithr & Fundinn, Utr, Ingialdr & Ingivaldr, Fro/thr, Gamall, Kusi, Haemingr, Thorvithr, Fro/ystaeinn, Brunn, Hroald, Igull & Ingialdr, Mani/Moni, Hroald, Thorbiorn, Svaein, Aldi, Thaellinaefir, Sinkr.

http://www.sofi.se/images/runor/pdf/lexikon.pdf

Per the discussion at allempires.net, "most of the names are Germano-Norse, but some are Turkic and some, such as Iskusevi, Voist (and Voik), Emig (Jemig actually, compare to tribe of Yem aka Tavastians) and so on", are Finnic.

A very detailed account of the early Riurikids with foreign marriages, etc. - http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/RUSSIA,%20Rurik.htm

Prince Yaroslav I figures in Norse sagas as Jarisleif "the lame":

Saga of Olaf Haraldson #245 - http://www.scriptoriumnovum.com/l/olaf02.html

Saga of Harald Sigurdon (Hardrada) - http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Hardrada.html

Anund Jakob (Jakun), King of Sweden, brother-in-law of Yaroslav I, had adventures in Rus - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anund_Jacob

http://www.unc.edu/~smyre/rus/Eymundr_Hringsson.html - discussion of a Varangian in Rus http://www.unc.edu/~smyre/rus/King_HXkon_Eymundarson.html - 2nd husband of Elizabeth Yaroslavna http://www.unc.edu/~smyre/rus/Queen_Sigrid_the_Haughty.html - put Vsevolod Vladimirovich of Volhynia to death

Database from which above came: http://www.unc.edu/~smyre/rus/Real_PeopleLinks.html

According to the Encyclopedia of Ukraine: http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/U/K/Ukrainianlanguage.htm

Owing to extensive contacts with Central Europe and the Turkic peoples of the steppe, many loanwords were added to the vocabulary of Old Ukrainian. The political and religious influence of the Byzantine Empire in Kyivan Rus’, in particular, resulted in the mass borrowing of Greek words and phrases through direct absorption, loan translations (eg, blahoslovyty ‘to bless’ based on the Greek eulogeō), and semantic adaptation. Most of these borrowings, however, did not penetrate into the spoken language of the uneducated masses; others were lost later, after the fall of Constantinople and the reorientation of Ukrainian culture toward Western Europe. Yet their general impact on the flexibility of Ukrainian cannot be denied.

Internecine strife among the princes of Kyivan Rus’ and the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries gave rise to the westward migration of much of the population of central and northern Ukraine, a general decentralization of national life, and, consequently, the formation of western and northwestern Ukrainian dialects, for example, the Dniester dialects, Sian dialects, Boiko dialect, and Lemko dialects in the 13th century, and the western Polisian dialects, Bukovyna-Pokutia dialects, and Hutsul dialect in the 14th century.

In the vocabulary of this period [Early Middle Ukrainian], the influences of Lithuanian (mostly via Belarusian) were insignificant, and Belarusian influences themselves were not strong, even though most of Ukraine and Belarus were part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Military and peaceful encounters with the Crimean Tatars, however, particularly after an organized Cossack military had been established, resulted in the absorption of quite a few Turkic words, especially military and commercial terms, into the common language. The most significant development was the expansion of borrowing from Polish, and from Latin, German, and Czech, often via Polish. Loanwords from these languages influenced much more than just Ukrainian administrative, commercial, and cultural terminology: they often replaced established words in the basic vocabulary. As a result of this trend, which continued with undiminished strength for a century and a half, the vocabulary of Ukrainian became closer to that of West Slavic than to that of Russian or Church Slavonic. In vocabulary the language of the Middle Ukrainian period continued to be open to Western, particularly Polish and Latin, influences, even at the height of Ukrainian-Polish political conflicts. In fact, Polish lexical and phraseological influences persisted, although in attenuated form, until the first quarter of the 20th century.